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This is a peer-reviewed essay written in reaction to the dramatic increase in numbers of children with a parent in prison in the US and UK throughout the 1990's and research which shows the adverse life opportunities available to children in such circumstances. Evidence is reviewed in relation to key issues including risks for children of prisoners and how parental imprisonment may cause negative outcomes for children. Conclusions are made which highlight the importance of developing parenting programmes and the need for criminal justice reforms which encompass aspects such as substance misuse and mental health issues. The research also makes policy recommendations for reducing risk and suggestions for further longitudinal research needed in order to develop programmes to ensure children of prisoners are considered.
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